Welcome to the course "Experimental Physics (Key Concepts)"

The course "Key Concepts of Experimental Physics" (3 double periods of lectures + 1 double period tutorial) is part of the module "Phy-Ma-Exp" of the Master of Physics course. The lectures and tutorials will present experimental methods and concepts for analysing and understanding structures and excitations of physical systems. In particular, strategies and ideas will be discussed which are common to different fields of physics, like atomic physics, molecular physics, solid state physics, particle and nuclear physics, etc. This will help to establish new connections and provide a deeper understanding of different domains of physics.


 

No.

Lecturer

Date

Content

Literature

1

Straessner

09.10.2023

0.    Introduction
1.    Energy scales
1.1. Scales and units in physics
1.2. Energy scales in a potential well

SI redefinition
natural units

Bienlein, Wiesendanger
Gebundener Zustand

Netzwerk Teilchenwelt I,
2.2 Aufbau der Materie und Wechselwirkungen
(und weiter bis 2.4.3.)

Povh, Rith, Scholz, Zetsche
Kap 12: Standardmodell (English)


Griffiths, Chapter 2
Elementary Particle Dynamics

2

Straessner

16.10.2023

1.3. Primary energy scales in bound systems
1.3.1. Fundamental interactions
1.3.2. Potentials
1.3.3. Binding energies and radii of bound systems

Povh, Rith, Scholz, Zetsche
Kapitel 13.1-3: Quarkonia
Kapitel 16.2: Deuteron
Kapitel 16.3: Kernkraft

Bienlein, Wiesendanger
3.4 Kernkräfte

 

Povh, Rosina: variable
Kopplungsparameter
(3.3. in online Leseprobe)

3

Klauss

19.10.2023

1.4. Secondary energy scales

1.4.1 Hydrogen molecule
1.4.2 Angular momentum coupling

- Clebsch-Gordan coefficients
- Spin-orbit coupling in the hydrogen atom

1.4.3 Atoms in weak and strong magnetic fields

1.4.4 Hyper fine structure

Fine Structure Constant defines Visual Transparency of Graphene (Nair et al 2008)


Demtröder, Exp.physik 3

9.1. Moleküle: das H2+

Demtröder, Exp.physik 3
5.5.3. Spin-Bahn-Kopplung;Feinstruktur

Bergmann, Schäfer1.4.3/4 Demtröder, Exp.physik 3
5.5.3 Spin-Bahnkopplung

5.5.4. Zeeman Effekt

4

Klauss

23.10.2023


1.4.5 Multi-electron atoms
-           LS coupling, Hund's rule
-           j-j coupling, heavy atoms

Bergmann, Schäfer
1.4.3/4 Demtröder, Exp.physik 3
5.5.3 Spin-Bahnkopplung
5.5.4. Zeeman Effekt
1.4.4: Kalvius Physik IV, Kap 6
6.5 ff Elektronenstruktur der Vielelektronenatome
1.4.5: Demtröder, Exp.physik 3
5.6. Hyperfeinstruktur
1.4.5: Kalvius Physik IV, Kap 7

7.8 ff Spektren der Viel-Elektronenatome

 

5

Straessner

30.10.2023

1.4.6. LS coupling in nuclear shell model
1.4.7. Spin-spin coupling in mesons

1.4.8. Mesons, baryons and strong isospin

Griffiths
5.5. Hyperfine Structure
5.8. Light Quark Hadrons

Starker Isospin, SU(3)
Bethge-Schröder
3.12-3.13. in Leseprobe

Povh/Rith/Scholz

14.2 Massen der Mesonen
15.3 Massen der Baryonen
17.3 Das Kern-Schalenmodell

6

 Klauss

02.11.2023

1.5. Collective excitations

1.5.1 Rotational, vibrational and electronic excitations of molecules

Demtröder Experimentalphysik 3

7

 Klauss

13.11.2023

1.5.2 Phonons in solids

 

8

 Straessner

06.11.2023

1.5.3 Collective excitations of nuclei: vibration, rotation, giant dipole resonance

1.5.4 Surface plasmons in nano particles

Povh/Rith/Scholz:
18.2. Kern-Dipolschwingungen
Mayer-Kuckuk,
Kernphysik: 6.6, 6.7
Speth, van der Woude
(Rep. Prog. Phys 44, 1981)
Giant resonances in Nuclei
Wagner, Physik in unserer Zeit: Riesenresonanzen

A. Moores, F. Goettmann
(New Jour. Chem, 2006, 30, 1121): Plasmon band in noble nanoparticles

9

 Straessner

16.11.2023

2. Transitions between states

2.1 Multipole radiation

2.1.1 Symmetry transformations P, C

Das, Ferbel Chapter 11: Discrete Transformations
Bethge-Schröder
3.7-3.10. in Leseprobe

Berger(nicht online)
Kap 2.2 Drehungen
Kap 2.5 Spiegelungen
Kap 2.7-2.8 Innere Symmet

10

 Klauss

20.11.2023

2.2 Spontaneous and induced transitions, Einstein

      coefficients, laser

2.3 Electrons in solids: absorption of localized and free 

      electrons

2.3.1 Optical absorption of oscillating dipoles

 

11

 Klauss

27.11.2023

 

2.3.2 Electrons in a periodic potential, Bloch waves

2.3.3. Maeasurement of periodic structures, electronic band structure, ARPES

 

12

 Klauss

30.11.2023

2.4 Scattering processes

2.4.1 Elastic and inelastic scattering

2.4.2 Inelastic neutron scattering off solids

 

13

 Straessner

04.12.2023

 

 

2.4.3 Nuclear structure measurement

- Electron scattering off nuclei: nuclear form factor

- Electron scattering off water molecules: Fermi movement

- Electron scattering off protons

 

14

 Straessner

11.12.2023

 2.4.4 Neutron scattering off nuclei

- Neutron cross-section

- Resonances

- Nuclear fission and fusion, element formation

 

15

 Straessner

14.12.2023

3. Spectroscopy by mixing of quantum states

3.1 Mixed quantum states of ammonia

3.2 Flavour oscillations of quarks and neutrinos

3.2.1 The neutral kaon system and CP violation

 

16

 Straessner

18.12.2023

3.3 Dynamic effects in level crossing

3.3.1 Landau Zener theory of avoided level crossings

3.3.2 Ammonia molecule in an external electric field

3.3.3 MSW effect for solar neutrinos

 

17

 Klauss

08.01.2024

3.3.4 Avoided level crossings

3.3.5 Level crossing in magnetic molecules

 

18

 Straessner

11.01.2024

4. Symmetry breaking

4.1 General concept of symmetry breaking

4.1.1 Spontaneous symmetry breaking

4.1.2 Examples, order parameter, symmetry breaking parameter

4.1.3 Symmetry breaking and phase transition

 

19

 Klauss

15.01.2024

4.2. Ferromagnetism
4.2.1 Landau theory of the ferromagnet
4.2.2 Microscopic models: Weiss model, Heisenberg model, Ising model
4.2.3 Critical phenomena
4.2.4 Ferromagnetic excitations

 

20

 Klauss

22.01.2024

4.3. Superconductivity

4.3.1   Meißner effect, type 1 and type 2 superconductors

4.3.2   Ginzburg-Landau theory:

           spatial inhomogeneous order parameters

4.3.3  BCS theory and excitations


 

 

21

 Straessner

25.01.2024

4.4. Electroweak symmetry breaking and Higgs mechanism
4.4.1. The BEH field and particle masses
4.4.2. Analogy of Higgs mechanism with superconductivity
4.4.3. The Higgs boson
4.4.4. Electroweak phase transition

 

 

22

 

Straessner

29.01.2024

4.4.5 Symmetry breaking and phase transition in strong interaction

4.4.5 Higgs and cosmology

 

 

1.4.7. LS und SS Kopplung in Mesonen